Pronoun (Kata Ganti)

Pronoun (Kata Ganti) à “a word which is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase; pronouns are often used to refer to a noun that has already been mentioned.” (kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan kata benda atau frase; kata ganti biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang sudah disebutkan sebelumnya.)

1.      Personal Pronoun

     è A pronoun that is used to refer to a specific person or thing. (Kata ganti yang dirujukkan

Subject	Object	Possessive		Reflexive
		Adjective	Pronoun
I You They We He She It	Me You Them Us Him Her It	My Your Their Our His Her Its	Mine Yours Theirs Ours His Hers Its	Myself Yourself/Yourselves Themselves/Themselves Ourselves Himself Herself Itself

  è Possessive Adjective à harus diikuti noun

  è Possessive Pronoun à mengikuti “be” dan tidak boleh diikuti noun

  è Reflexive Adjective à kata ganti yang menunjuk pada diri sendiri;

o  Penekanan pada subjek.

E.g.: I myself do this homework.

        She herself brings all the books.

o  Bermakna sendirian, dan mengikuti proposition “by”.

E.g.: I will go by myself.

        They finish it by themselves.

o  Jika berkedudukan sebagai subjek dan objek, maka keduanya harus sesuai/sama.

E.g.: I love myself.

        You are breaking yourself.

2.      Relative Pronoun

  è Introducing a subordinate clause qualifying an expressed or implied antecedent. (menjelaskan anak klausa yang menunjukkan keterkaitannya dengan induk klausa à “yang”)

o   Who (Subject)

E.g.: The woman who I met was his mother.

o   Whom (Object)

E.g.: My cousins, whom we hadn't seen for years, came to my sister's wedding.

o   Whose (Possessive)

E.g.: Lisa, whose red hair, is likely to move to Paris.

o   Which (for Thing)

E.g.: These are principles which we all believe in.

o   That (for all/general) à sometimes, it is optional (boleh ada boleh tidak)

E.g.: I can't find the books (that) I got from the library.