Instructional Design
What is Instructional Design? Richards and Schmidt (2013) describe the term ‘ instructional framework’ or ‘instructional design’ as “the overall conceptual plan and organization used to design a lesson or a unit of instructional materials or to analyze teaching.” Furthermore, Seel and Dijkstra (2004) explain that “i nstruction is the com munication between a student and a teacher (expert), and instructional design refers to the rules for how to design and develop this communication ”. Thus, Instructional Design can be interpreted as sets of systems in designing, planning, organizing, and evaluating teaching and learning process, which are done by educators, curriculum developers or designers, to achieve particular goals related to education. To be more specific and clearer, Instructional Design can be explicitly described as these following points: Who does it? Particular people dealing with Instructional Design are educators, teachers, librarians, distance educators, ins...